The answer is yes. Particularly for high frequency sound, at extremely high levels. Such sound is  usually  borne  by  liquids.  And  such  sound actually modifies the liquid through which it is passing. For instance,  at  these high levels the water molecule is actually severed into H,  OH pairs  in a  process  known  as  cavitation.  Most  of these pairs immediately recombine  into water again, emitting light in a process known as sonoluminescence.  An emerging technology which uses these effects in various chemical solutions is known as sonochemistry. 

An example of a physical effect is heating.  In our laboratory  we  regularly  expose  Plexiglas plastic to thousand-watt bursts of ultrasound by holding the Plexiglas in front of a transducer. The result is that the plastic actually melts underwater, while the water remains cool. Another physical  effect  is  particle  size  reduction: exposure of some nanoparticles to high levels of sound will break them into yet smaller particles. 

An  example  of  a biological effect is sterilization. Almost all microscopic plants and animals die  if  exposed  to  high  intensity sound in the frequency range of 500 kHz to one megahertz. This fact is currently being investigated as an alternative, safe way to purify what you eat and drink. 

High  frequency  ultrasound  is  the  "microwave"  of  sound.  The  wavelength  of  the  older, more conventional twenty kilohertz ultrasound is 7.5 cm. The typical frequency we use is 660 kilohertz,  which  has  a  wavelength  of  2.2 millimeter. These higher frequencies allow higher ultrasonic energy densities of several hundred watts per square centimeter. 

Our  mission  at  Ultrasonic  Energy  Systems  is  to  provide  researchers  with  the hardware necessary to explore all the physical, chemical and  biological  effects of  ultrasound.  And  to provide  follow-on  support and hardware for the result of those studies, when larger or more specific systems are required. 

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